We Refuse

An “unsparing, erudite, and incisive” (Jelani Cobb, staff writer, The New Yorker ) reframing of the past and present of Black resistance—both nonviolent and violent—to white supremacy Named a Best Book of 2024 by Smithsonian * Kirkus * Chicago Review of Books * Emancipator * Ms. Magazine Black resistance to white supremacy is often reduced to a simple binary, between Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s nonviolence and Malcolm X’s “by any means necessary.” In We Refuse , historian Kellie Carter Jackson