Voting Paradoxes and How to Deal with Them

Voting paradoxes are unpleasant surprises encountered in voting. Typically they suggest that something is wrong with the way in­ dividual opinions are being expressed or processed in voting. The outcomes are bizarre, unfair or otherwise implausible, given the expressed opinions of voters. Voting paradoxes have an important role in the history of social choice theory. The founding fathers of the theory, Marquis de Condorcet and Jean-Charles de Borda, were keenly aware of some of them. Indeed, muc