Tumor Ecosystem

This book intends to report new concept of  onco-spheres   in cancer ecosystem.   Onco-spheres  are defined as where cancer cells (living organisms) dynamically interact with nontumor cellular (other living organisms) and noncellular components (non-living environmental factors) in the ‘host’ internal environment (habitat) to construct a self-sustainable cancer ecosystem, which can be scoped at three different levels: primary/regional, distal and systemic  onco-spheres .