The Geographical Pivot of History

"A stimulating paper." -The Nation "The most important general paper that has been communicated to us." -Geographical Journal "A notable paper ... makes a bold generalisation as to the geographical control of world politics." -Indian Ed. Halford John Mackinder's 1904 paper "The Geographical Pivot of History" is an attempt to exhibit human history as part of the life of the world organism by showing how the successive invasions of the Asiatic nomads from the steppe-land (the pivot) moulded the se