The Defining Years of the Dutch East Indies, 1942-1949

<p> Following their invasion of Java on March 1, 1942, the Japanese began a process of Japanization of the archipelago, banning every remnant of Dutch rule. Over the next three years, more than 100,000 Dutch citizens were shipped to Japanese internment camps and more than four million <I>romushas</I>, forced Indonesian laborers, were enlisted in the Japanese war effort.</p><p> The Japanese occupation stimulated the development of Indonesian independence movements. H