The Clarion of Syria

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press’s Open Access publishing program. Visit  www.luminosoa.org  to learn more. When Na fir  S u riyy a —“ The Clarion of Syria”—was penned between September 1860 and April 1861, its author Butrus al-­Bustani, a major figure in the modern Arabic Renaissance, had witnessed his homeland undergo unprecedented violence in what many today consider Lebanon’s first civil war. Written during Ottoman