The Atheist's Bible

This intellectual history of a rumored book of heresy reveals a persistent undercurrent of atheism from the Middle Ages into the 18th century. In 1239, Pope Gregory IX accused Frederick II, the Holy Roman Emperor, of heresy. Without disclosing evidence of any kind, Gregory announced that Frederick had written a supremely blasphemous book— De tribus impostoribus, or the Treatise of the Three Impostors —in which Frederick denounced Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad as impostors. Of course, Frederick deni