The 2020 U.S. Presidential Election

Citizens, journalists, and scholars have shown increased interest in candidate violations of democratic norms, ranging from former President Trump’s campaign rhetoric to the Capitol riot. But how unusual are the former President’s actions on the campaign trail? And to what extent do norm violations benefit – or harm – presidential candidates? Other campaign strategies involve social norms around non-elites. For example, some campaign messages emphasize group norms in order to influence turnout a