Summary of Ira Rutkow's Empire of the Scalpel

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Book Preview: #1 The history of surgery began with the discovery of cavemen who had performed neurosurgery. The skulls were found to have been trepanned, or deliberately removed a large portion of their craniums. #2 The ancient skulls that were found showed that Stone Age surgeons were able to perform complex surgery, such as trephination, which was the removal of part of the skull to treat convulsions, epileptic fits, mental