Social and Ethical Issues of Global Pandemics

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the weaknesses inherent in the social infrastructure of African states, especially healthcare and social security systems. African states were characterized by a high level of unpreparedness with scientific and technological insufficiency to address the pandemic emergency. This in turn worsened the impact of COVID-19 on all fronts, thus, many African states experienced issues with high mortality rate, rampant job losses, and arbitrary and erratic state responses. So