Ricin and Shiga Toxins

 In May of 2011, Western Europe experienced a severe outbreak of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) that culminated in more than 3200 cases and 39 deaths.  While Stx is not the only virulence factor associated with STEC, it is certainly the primary determinant associated with the onset of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).  At the present time, there are no clinically approved measures to neutralize Stx in individuals suffering from STEC infection.  Nor are there any pr