Principles of Laparoscopic Surgery

In the five years since laparoscopic methods have gained widespread use in general surgery, a wealth of experience has accumulated. The surgical pioneers who rec­ ognized the potential value of laparoscopy for treatment many years previously certainly deserve a great deal of credit for their farsightedness. In a sense, however, the changes of the past few years amount to the development of a whole new branch of surgery. The rate of change has produced an intense demand for the surgical community