Optimization of Integer/Fractional Order Chaotic Systems by Metaheuristics and their Electronic Realization

Mathematicians have devised different chaotic systems that are modeled by integer or fractional-order differential equations, and whose mathematical models can generate chaos or hyperchaos. The numerical methods to simulate those integer and fractional-order chaotic systems are quite different and their exactness is responsible in the evaluation of characteristics like Lyapunov exponents, Kaplan-Yorke dimension, and entropy. One challenge is estimating the step-size to run a numerical method. It