New Molecular Mechanisms of Estrogen Action and Their Impact on Future Perspectives in Estrogen Therapy

From our current knowledge, it is obvious that estrogen action in­ volves more than reproduction and fertility. Rather, estrogens affect and influence a number of other organ systems such as the immune, cardiovascular and central nervous system as well as the gastrointes­ tinal tract, urinary tract and skeleton. The importance of estrogens and estrogen receptor activity is appreciated from the spectrum of significant physiological dysfunctions that occur when there is a loss The participants of