Mary Putnam Jacobi and the Politics of Medicine in Nineteenth-Century America

In the late nineteenth century, as Americans debated the “woman question,” a battle over the meaning of biology arose in the medical profession. Some medical men claimed that women were naturally weak, that education would make them physically ill, and that women physicians endangered the profession. Mary Putnam Jacobi (1842-1906), a physician from New York, worked to prove them wrong and argued that social restrictions, not biology, threatened female health. Mary Putnam Jacobi and the Politics