Lenin's Private War

In 1922, Lenin personally drew up a list of some 160 ‘undesirable' intellectuals – mostly philosophers, academics, scientists and journalists – to be deported from the new Soviet State. ‘We're going to cleanse Russia once and for all' he wrote to Stalin, whose job it was to oversee the deportation. Two ships sailed from Petrograd that autumn, taking Old Russia's eminent men and their families away to what would become permanent exile in Berlin, Prague and Paris. Lesley Chamberlain creates a rich