History Education in Lebanon and the Borders of the Nation

This study shows that widely used history textbooks in Lebanon are more standardized and censored than in most liberal democratic countries, and relatively similar in form and content to textbooks from Syria and Iraq. A diversity of historical narratives has progressively converged into one dominant narrative which entails a standard definition of the »self«. In contrast, the »other« is defined through the exclusion of religious groups considered exogenous and ethnicities considered inferior. In