Frontiers in Heart Failure (Volume 1): Clinical Issues

Ischemic cardiomyopathy is considered as the main cause of heart failure in industrialized countries. The condition can occur at any age, but its prevalence increases with age. In general, careful evaluation of the patient's history and physical examination can provide useful information about the underlying causes. Several biomarkers and laboratory variables are very important parameters for physicians during the clinical decision making. Echocardiography along with other imaging and heart fail