Focus Realization in Romance and Beyond

This paper investigates the acquisition of focus-induced word order variation by German learners of L3 Spanish, thereby comparing monolingual learners and multilinguals who speak Italian or European Portuguese (EP) as a heritage language in addition to their dominant language. Special attention is given to the position of focused subjects ([F S]) in non-complex declaratives. In accordance with Rothman’s (2010, 2011) Typological Primacy Model (TPM), we hypothesize that the multilingual learners b