Expanding Individual Difference Research in the Interaction Approach

Despite the presence of non-teacher/non-peer learner interlocutors in primary (e.g., Gass and Varonis, 1985; M. H. Long, 1983; Varonis & Gass, 1985a, 1985b) and meta-analytic (Li, 2010) studies, and in interactionist theory and review articles (M. H. Long, 1996; Mackey & Goo, 2007), the individual differences (IDs) of these interlocutors have not been an explicit focus of theoretical discussion within the interaction approach. The lack of attention in this area is particularly surprising