Empire of the Scalpel

From an eminent surgeon and historian comes the “by turns fascinating and ghastly” (The New York Times Book Review , Editors’ Choice) story of surgery’s development—from the Stone Age to the present day—blending meticulous medical research with vivid storytelling. There are not many life events that can be as simultaneously frightening and hopeful as a surgical operation. In America, tens-of-millions of major surgical procedures are performed annually, yet few of us consider the magnitude of the