Constraints on Language Variation and Change in Complex Multilingual Contact Settings

This chapter synthesises the findings of the chapters in this volume and takes stock of cumulative insights into constrained communication. It considers the effects of the individual constraint dimensions in respect of their consequences for different aspects of language use, including cross-linguistic influence (CLI), degree of complexity and explicitness, and norm adherence (or conservatism). It also reflects on the interaction of constraints and the implications of the framework for such a hy