Closed Rhinoplasty

The traditional closed rhinoplasty procedure used to produce unstable results, including the “polly beak” deformity, and has largely been replaced by open rhinoplasty, which has now become the new standard. Nevertheless, the complete release of the skin from the nasal skeleton allows for more post-operative swelling, especially if the skeleton is greatly reduced. To enhance nasal definition many surgeons find it necessary to place grafts on the skeleton. This book describes a closed operation th