Cigarette Smoking and the Kidney

There is considerable evidence suggesting that chronic cigarette smoking has adverse health effects: it is the major cause of disease and death in developed countries, inducing several kinds of cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease and severe vascular pathologies. Cigarette smoking is also a risk factor for diffuse atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and peripheral vascular lesions, renal microvessels being another potential target. Furthermore, the relationships of chronic cigarette smok