Angina

Angina is most commonly associated with myocardial ischemia, but may also be symptomatic of valvular heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or uncontrolled high blood pressure. While chronic or stable angina is predictable and relatively easy to manage, it is the sudden and unexpected onset of symptoms in patients with unstable angina that represents the most significant challenge to the clinician, being a risk indicator for acute MI, severe cardiac arrhythmia or even cardiac arrest. Since c